A Character That I Have Found Interesting in Thursdays Child by Sonya Hartnett - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 499 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category People Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Character Essay Did you like this example? A character that I have found interesting in Thursdays child by Sonya Hartnett is Devon, I found this character interesting because he never quite gives up on his dream of owning a pony, he is very stubborn and shows this by bluntly asking Cable â€Å"would you pay me Mr Cable? † showing he would only do work if there was a chance that he could get money for his pony. He is also very headstrong and shows this when Audrey complains about Cable he says â€Å"Ill kill him I swear†, showing he is very rash. Another reason I find Devon interesting is the way he always wants to be â€Å"free†, he shows this by riding everywhere on his horse which he says â€Å"you can fly; you can fly like a bird. † Showing that he likes to go where he wants with his horse, he also thinks that his horse is the best horse in the world and loves riding him â€Å"Devon was an easy bribe, always wanting to go off riding champion† he also talks to the horse telling it how fast he thinks it is, â€Å"you could trash them all, you could thrash them all on three legs† showing he loved his horse and believed it was the greatest in the world. Another point that makes Devon fascinating is the way towards the end of the novel when he sells his horse, this is surprising because of the way he loves the horse and how it â€Å"must have made him ache in every bone for he had loved that creature. † This shows that Devon really didn’t want to sell his horse but that he though that he had no other option but to do so, he shows that he places his family’s needs above his own and after selling Champion he goes to look for work. Devon appears to be ineffectual in this story for several reasons, when his family is poor and he goes off to work to earn money for himself or his family, we see this near the start of the novel when he goes to work for cable but when he comes back he has no money because he didn’t do a satisfa ctory job for Mr Cable, And when Da goes to argue with Cable he learns that two of Mr cables pigs had got loose and that he was â€Å"kind† not to charge Devon for them. We also see Devon in this way when he leaves and sells champion to go look for work, none of the family think it was a wise decision, â€Å" so many men are on the road, what if he doesn’t find anything for months? † and â€Å"That boy shouldn’t have done it†. So the family do not think that Devon leaving and looking for work was a good idea so in that way he failed that too. In conclusion Devon is an interesting character because he gives up everything at the end of the novel Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Character That I Have Found Interesting in Thursdays Child by Sonya Hartnett" essay for you Create order

The Major Problem With Nhst Essay - 1283 Words

The Major Problem With NHST Kirk (1996) had major criticisms of NHST. According to Kirk, the procedure does not tell researchers what they want to know: In scientific inference, what we want to know is the probability that the null hypothesis (H0) is true given that we have obtained a set of data (D); that is, p(H0|D). What null hypothesis significance testing tells us is the probability of obtaining these data or more extreme data if the null hypothesis is true, p(D|H0). (p. 747) Kirk (1996) went on to explain that NHST was a trivial exercise because the null hypothesis is always false, and rejecting it is merely a matter of having enough power. In this study, we investigated how textbooks treated this major problem of NHST. Current best practice in this area is open to debate (e.g., see Harlow, Mulaik, Steiger, 1997). A number of prominent researchers advocate the use of confidence intervals in place of NHST on grounds that, for the most part, confidence intervals provide more information than a significance test and still include information necessary to determine statistical significance (Cohen, Gliner, Leech, Morgan 85 1994; Kirk, 1996). For those who advocate the use of NHST, the null hypothesis of no difference (nil hypothesis) should be replaced by a null hypothesis specifying some nonzero value based on previous research (Cohen, 1994; Mulaik, Raju, Harshman, 1997). Thus, there would be less chance that a trivial difference between intervention and controlShow MoreRelatedCohen’S Paper The Earth Is Round (P0.05) Is A Critique944 Words   |  4 Pagescritique of null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST). In his article, Cohen presents his arguments about what is wrong with NHST and suggests ways in which researchers can improve their research, as well as the way they report their research. Cohen’s main point is that researchers who use NHST often misinterpret the meaning of p-values and what can be concluded from them (Cohen, 1994). Cohen also shows that the NHST is close to worthless. NHST is a way to show how unlikely a result would be ifRead MoreExploring Inferential Statistics and Their Discontents2123 Words   |  9 Pageshypothesis significance test assesses can reduce the risk of misinterpreting the p-value† (p. 1). Should all research adhere to the p = .05 standard for significance? No. Why or why not? This depends on the type of research, the importance to major or minuscule changes in variables, the test population, planning of research, and the physical execution of the study. Significance testing is not automatically a detached assessment of results for which the p-value is an indication towards the size

Spirit Bound Chapter Thirteen Free Essays

â€Å"THE HELL YOU CAN,† I said aloud to no one. â€Å"No, you can’t,† said Lissa, with an expression that matched my own incredulity. â€Å"I know you’ve been learning to fight with fire, but you haven’t done any staking. We will write a custom essay sample on Spirit Bound Chapter Thirteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Christian’s face was adamant. â€Å"I have–a little. And I can learn more. Mia’s got some guardian friends here that have been teaching her physical combat, and I’ve learned some of it.† The mention of him and Mia working together didn’t do much to improve Lissa’s opinion. â€Å"You’ve barely been here a week! You make it sound like you’ve been training for years with some master.† â€Å"It’s better than nothing,† he said. â€Å"And where else are you going to learn? Rose?† Lissa’s outrage and disbelief dimmed a little. â€Å"No,† she admitted. â€Å"Never. In fact, Rose would drag me away if she caught me doing it.† Damn straight I would. In fact, despite the obstacles and staff that kept blocking me, I was tempted to march over there right now. â€Å"Then this is your chance,† he said. His voice turned wry. â€Å"Look, I know things aren’t†¦ great with us, but that’s irrelevant if you’re going to learn this. Tell Tatiana you want to bring me to Lehigh. She won’t like it, but she’ll let you. I’ll show you what I know in our free time. Then, when we get back, I’ll take you to Mia and her friends.† Lissa frowned. â€Å"If Rose knew†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"That’s why we’ll start when you’re away from Court. She’ll be too far away from you to do anything.† Oh, for the love of God. I would give them some lessons about fighting–starting with a punch to Christian’s face. â€Å"And when we get back?† asked Lissa. â€Å"She’ll find out. It’s inevitable with the bond.† He shrugged. â€Å"If she’s still on landscape duty, we’ll be able to get away with it. I mean, she’ll know, but she won’t be able to interfere. Much.† â€Å"It may not be enough,† Lissa said with a sigh. â€Å"Rose was right about that–I can’t expect to learn in a few weeks what it took her years to do.† Weeks? That was her timeline on this? â€Å"You have to try,† he said, almost gentle. Almost. â€Å"Why are you so interested in this?† Lissa asked suspiciously. â€Å"Why do you care so much about bringing Dimitri back? I mean, I know you liked him, but you don’t quite have the same motivation here that Rose does.† â€Å"He was a good guy,† said Christian. â€Å"And if there was a way to turn him back to a dhampir? Yeah, that’d be amazing. But it’s more than that†¦ more than just him. If there was a way to save all Strigoi, that would change our world. I mean, not that setting them on fire isn’t cool after they’ve gone on killing sprees, but if we could stop those killing sprees in the first place? That’s the key to saving us. All of us.† Lissa was speechless for a moment. Christian had spoken passionately, and there was a hope radiating off of him that she just hadn’t expected. It was†¦ moving. He took advantage of her silence. â€Å"Besides, there’s no telling what you’d do without any guidance. And I’d like to reduce the odds of you getting yourself killed, because even if Rose wants to deny it, I know you’re going to keep pushing this.† Lissa stayed quiet yet again, pondering the situation. I listened to her thoughts, not liking at all where they were going. â€Å"We’re leaving at six,† she said at last. â€Å"Can you meet me downstairs at five thirty?† Tatiana wouldn’t be thrilled when she heard about the new guest choice, but Lissa was pretty sure she could do some fast talking in the morning. He nodded. â€Å"I’ll be there.† Back in my room, I was totally aghast. Lissa was going to attempt to learn to stake a Strigoi–behind my back–and she was going to get Christian to help her. Those two had been snarling at each other since the breakup. I should have felt flattered that sneaking around me was bringing them together, but I wasn’t. I was pissed off. I considered my options. The buildings Lissa and I were staying in didn’t have the kind of front-desk curfew security that our school dorms had had, but the staff here had been instructed to tip off someone in the guardians’ office if I got too social. Hans had also told me to stay away from Lissa until further notice. I pondered it all for a moment, thinking it might be worth Hans dragging me from Lissa’s room, and then finally thought of an alternate plan. It was late but not too late, and I left my room for the one next door to mine. Knocking on the door, I hoped my neighbor was still awake. She was a dhampir my age, a recent graduate from a different school. I didn’t own a cell phone, but I’d seen her talking on one earlier today. She answered the door a few moments later and fortunately didn’t appear to have been in bed. â€Å"Hey,† she said, understandably surprised. â€Å"Hey, can I send a text from your phone?† I didn’t want to commandeer her phone with a conversation, and besides, Lissa might just hang up on me. My neighbor shrugged, stepped into the room, and returned with the phone. I had Lissa’s number memorized and sent her the following note: I know what you’re going to do, and it is a BAD idea. I’m going to kick both your asses when I find you. I handed the phone back to its owner. â€Å"Thanks. If anyone texts back, can you let me know?† She told me she would, but I didn’t expect any return texts. I got my message another way. When I returned to the room and Lissa’s mind, I got to be there when her phone chimed. Christian had left, and she read my text with a rueful smile. My answer came through the link. She knew I was watching. Sorry, Rose. It’s a risk I’ll have to take. I’m doing this. I tossed and turned that night, still angry at what Lissa and Christian were trying to do. I didn’t think I’d ever fall asleep, but when Adrian came to me in a dream, it became clear that my body’s exhaustion had defeated my mind’s agitation. â€Å"Las Vegas?† I asked. Adrian’s dreams always occurred in different places of his choosing. Tonight, we stood on the Strip, very near where Eddie and I had rendezvoused with Lissa and him at the MGM Grand. The bright lights and neon of the hotels and restaurants gleamed in the blackness, but the whole setting was eerily silent compared to the reality. Adrian had not brought the cars or people of the real Las Vegas here. It was like a ghost town. He smiled, leaning against a pole covered in paper ads for concerts and escort services. â€Å"Well, we didn’t really get a chance to enjoy it while we were there.† â€Å"True.† I stood a few feet away, arms crossed over my chest. I had on jeans and a T-shirt, along with my nazar. Adrian had apparently decided not to dress me tonight, for which I was grateful. I could have ended up like one of those Moroi showgirls, in feathers and sequins. â€Å"I thought you were avoiding me.† I still wasn’t entirely sure where our relationship stood, despite his flippant attitude back at the Witching Hour. He snorted. â€Å"It’s not by my choice, little dhampir. Those guardians are doing their best to keep you in solitary. Well, kind of.† â€Å"Christian managed to sneak in and talk to me earlier,† I said, hoping to avoid the issue that had to be on Adrian’s mind: that I’d risked lives to save my ex-boyfriend. â€Å"He’s going to try to teach Lissa to stake a Strigoi.† I waited for Adrian to join in my outrage, but he appeared as lax and sardonic as usual. â€Å"Not surprised she’s gonna try. What surprises me is that he’d actually be interested in helping with some crazy theory.† â€Å"Well, it’s crazy enough to appeal to him†¦ and can apparently overpower them hating each other lately.† Adrian tilted his head, making some of the hair fall over his eyes. A building with blue neon palm trees cast an eerie glow upon his face as he gave me a knowing look. â€Å"Come on, we both know why he’s doing it.† â€Å"Because he thinks his after-school group with Jill and Mia qualifies him to teach that stuff?† â€Å"Because it gives him an excuse to be around her–without making it look like he gave in first. That way, he can still seem manly.† I shifted slightly so that the lights of a giant sign advertising slot machines didn’t shine in my eyes. â€Å"That’s ridiculous.† Especially the part about Christian being manly. â€Å"Guys do ridiculous things for love.† Adrian reached into his pocket and held up a pack of cigarettes. â€Å"Do you know how badly I want one of these right now? Yet I suffer, Rose. All for you.† â€Å"Don’t turn romantic on me,† I warned, trying to hide my smile. â€Å"We don’t have time for that, not when my best friend wants to go monster hunting.† â€Å"Yeah, but how is she actually going to find him? That’s kind of a problem.† Adrian didn’t need to elaborate on the â€Å"him.† â€Å"True,† I admitted. â€Å"And she hasn’t been able to charm the stake yet anyway, so until she does, all the kung-fu skills in the world won’t matter.† â€Å"Guardians don’t do kung-fu. And how did you know about the stake?† â€Å"She’s asked for my help a couple of times,† he explained. â€Å"Huh. I didn’t know that.† â€Å"Well, you’ve been kind of busy. Not that you’ve even spared a thought for your poor pining boyfriend.† With all my chores, I hadn’t spent a huge amount of time in Lissa’s head–just enough to check in with her. â€Å"Hey, I would have taken you over filing any day.† I’d been so afraid that Adrian would be furious with me after Vegas, yet here he was, light and playful. A little too light. I wanted him to focus on the problem at hand. â€Å"What’s your take on Lissa and the charms? Is she close to doing it?† Adrian absentmindedly played with the cigarettes, and I was tempted to tell him to go ahead and have one. This was his dream, after all. â€Å"Unclear. I haven’t taken to charms the way she has. It’s weird having the other elements in there†¦ makes it hard to manipulate spirit.† â€Å"Are you helping her anyway?† I asked suspiciously. He shook his head in amusement. â€Å"What do you think?† I hesitated. â€Å"I†¦ I don’t know. You help her with most spirit things, but helping her with this would mean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦ Helping Dimitri?† I nodded, not trusting myself to elaborate. â€Å"No,† Adrian said at last. â€Å"I’m not helping her, simply because I don’t know how.† I exhaled with relief. â€Å"I really am sorry,† I told him. â€Å"For everything†¦ for lying about where I was and what I was doing. It was wrong. And I don’t understand†¦ well, I don’t get why you’re being so nice to me.† â€Å"Should I be mean?† He winked. â€Å"Is that the kind of thing you’re into?† â€Å"No! Of course not. But, I mean, you were so mad when you came to Vegas and found out what was going on. I just thought†¦ I don’t know. I thought you hated me.† The amusement faded from his features. He came over to me and rested his hands on my shoulders, his dark green eyes dead serious. â€Å"Rose, nothing in this world could make me hate you.† â€Å"Not even trying to bring my ex-boyfriend back from the dead?† Adrian held onto me, and even in a dream, I could smell his skin and cologne. â€Å"Yeah, I’ll be honest. If Belikov were walking around right now, alive like he used to be? There would be some problems. I don’t want to think what would happen with us if†¦ well, it’s not worth wasting time on. He’s not here.† â€Å"I still†¦ I still want us to work,† I said meekly. â€Å"I would still try, even if he were back. I just have a hard time letting someone I care about go.† â€Å"I know. You did what you did out of love. I can’t be mad at you over that. It was stupid, but that’s how love is. Do you have any idea what I’d do for you? To keep you safe?† â€Å"Adrian†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I couldn’t meet his eyes. I suddenly felt unworthy. He was so easy to underestimate. The only thing I could do was lean my head against his chest and let him wrap his arms around me. â€Å"I’m sorry.† â€Å"Be sorry you lied,† he said, pressing a kiss to my forehead. â€Å"Don’t be sorry you loved him. That’s part of you, part you have to let go, yeah, but still something that’s made you who you are.† Part you have to let go†¦ Adrian was right, and that was a damned scary thing to admit. I’d had my shot. I’d made my gamble to save Dimitri, and it had failed. Lissa wouldn’t get anywhere with the stake, meaning I really did have to treat Dimitri the way everyone else did: He was dead. I had to move on. â€Å"Damn it,† I muttered. â€Å"What?† asked Adrian. â€Å"I hate it when you’re the sane one. That’s my job.† â€Å"Rose,† he said, forcibly trying to keep a serious tone, â€Å"I can think of many words to describe you, sexy and hot being at the top of the list. You know what’s not on the list? Sane.† I laughed. â€Å"Okay, well, then my job is to be the less crazy one.† He considered. â€Å"That I can accept.† I brought my lips up to his, and even if there were still some shaky things in our relationship, there was no uncertainty in how we kissed. Kissing in a dream felt exactly like real life. Heat blossomed between us, and I felt a thrill run through my whole body. He released my hands and wrapped his arms around my waist, bringing us closer. I realized that it was time to start believing what I kept saying. Life did go on. Dimitri might be gone, but I could have something with Adrian–at least until my job took me away. That was, of course, assuming I got one. Hell, if Hans kept me on desk duty here and Adrian continued his slothful ways, we could be together forever. Adrian and I kissed for a long time, pressing closer and closer. At last I broke things off. If you had sex in a dream, did that mean you’d really done it? I didn’t know, and I certainly wasn’t going to find out. I wasn’t ready for that yet. I stepped back, and Adrian took the hint. â€Å"Find me when you get some freedom.† â€Å"Hopefully soon,† I said. â€Å"The guardians can’t punish me forever.† Adrian looked skeptical, but he let the dream dissolve without further comment. I returned to my own bed and my own dreams. The only thing that stopped me from intercepting Lissa and Christian when they met up early in her lobby the next day was that Hans summoned me to work even earlier. He put me on paperwork duty–in the vaults, ironically enough–leaving me to file and stew over Lissa and Christian as I watched them through my bond. I took it as a sign of my multitasking skills that I was able to alphabetize and spy at the same time. Yet my observations were interrupted when a voice said, â€Å"Didn’t expect to find you here again.† I blinked out of Lissa’s head and looked up from my paperwork. Mikhail stood before me. In light of the complications that had ensued with the Victor incident, I’d nearly forgotten Mikhail’s involvement in our â€Å"escape.† I set the files down and gave him a small smile. â€Å"Yeah, weird how fate works, huh? They actually want me here now.† â€Å"Indeed. You’re in a fair amount of trouble, I hear.† My smile turned into a grimace. â€Å"Tell me about it.† I glanced around, even though I knew we were alone. â€Å"You didn’t get in any trouble, did you?† He shook his head. â€Å"No one knows what I did.† â€Å"Good.† At least one person had escaped this debacle unscathed. My guilt couldn’t have handled him getting caught too. Mikhail knelt so that he was eye level with me, resting his arms on the table I sat at. â€Å"Were you successful? Was it worth it?† â€Å"That’s a hard question to answer.† He arched an eyebrow. â€Å"There were some†¦ not so successful things that happened. But we did find out what we wanted to know–or, well, we think we did.† His breath caught. â€Å"How to restore a Strigoi?† â€Å"I think so. If our informant was telling the truth, then yeah. Except, even if he was†¦ well, it’s not that easy to do. It’s nearly impossible, really.† â€Å"What is it?† I hesitated. Mikhail had helped us, but he wasn’t in my circle of confidants. Yet even now, I saw that haunted look in his eyes, the one I’d seen before. The pain of losing his beloved still tormented him. It likely always would. Would I be doing more harm than good by telling him what I’d learned? Would this fleeting hope only hurt him more? I finally decided to tell him. Even if he told others–and I didn’t think he would–most would laugh it off anyway. There would be no damage there. The real trouble would come if he told anyone about Victor and Robert–but I didn’t actually have to mention their involvement to him. Unlike Christian, it had apparently not occurred to Mikhail that the prison break so big in Moroi news had been pulled off by the teens he helped smuggle out. Mikhail probably couldn’t spare a thought for anything that didn’t involve saving his Sonya. â€Å"It takes a spirit user,† I explained. â€Å"One with a spirit-charmed stake, and then he†¦ or she†¦ has to stake the Strigoi.† â€Å"Spirit†¦Ã¢â‚¬  That element was still foreign to most Moroi and dhampirs–but not to him. â€Å"Like Sonya. I know spirit’s supposed to make them more alluring†¦ but I swear, she never needed it. She was beautiful on her own.† As always, Mikhail’s face took on that same sad look it did whenever Ms. Karp was mentioned. I’d never really seen him truly happy since meeting him and thought he’d be pretty good-looking if he ever genuinely smiled. He suddenly seemed embarrassed at his romantic lapse and returned to business. â€Å"What spirit user could do a staking?† â€Å"None,† I said flatly. â€Å"Lissa Dragomir and Adrian Ivashkov are the only two spirit users I even know–well, aside from Avery Lazar.† I was leaving Oksana and Robert out of this. â€Å"Neither of them has the skill to do it–you know that as well as I do. And Adrian has no interest in it anyway.† Mikhail was sharp, picking up on what I didn’t say. â€Å"But Lissa does?† â€Å"Yes,† I admitted. â€Å"But it would take her years to learn to do it. If not longer. And she’s the last of her line. She can’t be risked like that.† The truth of my words hit him, and I couldn’t help but share his pain and disappointment. Like me, he’d put a lot of faith into this last-ditch effort to be reunited with his lost love. I had just affirmed that it was possible†¦ yet impossible. I think it would have been easier on both of us to learn it had all been a hoax. He sighed and stood up. â€Å"Well†¦ I appreciate you going after this. Sorry your punishment is for nothing.† I shrugged. â€Å"It’s okay. It was worth it.† â€Å"I hope†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His face turned hesitant. â€Å"I hope it ends soon and doesn’t affect anything.† â€Å"Affect what?† I asked sharply, catching the edge in his voice. â€Å"Just†¦ well, guardians who disobey orders sometimes face long punishments.† â€Å"Oh. This.† He was referring to my constant fear of being stuck with a desk job. I tried to play flippant and not to show how much that possibility scared me. â€Å"I’m sure Hans was bluffing. I mean, would he really make me do this forever just because I ran away and–â€Å" I stopped, my mouth hanging open when a knowing glint flashed in Mikhail’s eyes. I’d heard long ago how he’d tried to track down Ms. Karp, but the logistics had never really hit me until now. No one would have condoned his search. He would have had to leave on his own, breaking protocol, and come skulking back when he finally gave up on locating her. He would have been in just as much trouble as me for going MIA. â€Å"Is that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I swallowed. â€Å"Is that why you†¦ why you work down here in the vaults now?† Mikhail didn’t answer my question. Instead, he glanced down with a small smile and pointed at my stacks of paper. â€Å"F comes before L,† he said before turning and leaving. â€Å"Damn,† I muttered, looking down. He was right. Apparently I couldn’t alphabetize so well while watching Lissa. Still, once I was alone, that didn’t stop me from tuning back into her mind. I wanted to know what she was doing†¦ and I didn’t want to think about how what I’d done would probably be considered worse than Mikhail’s deeds in the eyes of the guardians. Or that a similar–or worse–punishment might be in store for me. Lissa and Christian were at a hotel near Lehigh’s campus. The middle of the vampiric day meant evening for the human university. Lissa’s tour wouldn’t start until their morning the next day, which meant she had to bide her time at the hotel now and try to adjust to a human schedule. Lissa’s â€Å"new† guardians, Serena and Grant, were with her, along with three extras that the queen had sent as well. Tatiana had allowed Christian to come along and hadn’t been nearly as opposed as Lissa had feared–which again made me question if the queen really was as awful as I’d always believed. Priscilla Voda, a close advisor of the queen that both Lissa and I liked, was also accompanying Lissa as she looked around the school. Two of the additional guardians stayed with Priscilla; the third stayed with Christian. They ate dinner as a group and then retired to their rooms. Serena was actually staying with Lissa in hers while Grant stood guard outside the door. Watching all this triggered a pang in me. Pair guarding–it was what I’d been trained for. What I’d been expecting my whole life to do for Lissa. Serena was a picture-perfect example of guardian aloofness, being there but not there as Lissa hung up some of her clothes. A knock at the door immediately shot Serena into action. Her stake was in hand, and she strode to the door, looking out through its peephole. I couldn’t help but admire her reaction time, though part of me would never believe anyone could guard Lissa as well as I could. â€Å"Get back,† Serena said to Lissa. A moment later, the tension in Serena faded a tiny bit, and she opened the door. Grant stood there with Christian beside him. â€Å"He’s here to see you,† Grant said, like it wasn’t obvious. Lissa nodded. â€Å"Um, yeah. Come on in.† Christian stepped inside when Grant backed away. Christian gave Lissa a meaningful look as he did, making a small head nod toward Serena. â€Å"Hey, um, would you mind giving us some privacy?† As soon as the words were out of Lissa’s mouth, she turned bright pink. â€Å"I mean†¦ we just†¦ we just need to talk about some things, that’s all.† Serena kept her face almost neutral, but it was clear she thought they were going to do more than talk. Average teen dating wasn’t usually hot gossip in the Moroi world, but Lissa, with her notoriety, attracted a bit more attention with her romantic affairs. Serena would have known Christian and Lissa had gone out and broken up. For all she knew, they were back together now. Lissa inviting him on this trip certainly suggested it. Serena glanced around warily. The balance of protection and privacy was always difficult with Moroi and guardians, and hotel rooms like this made it even harder. If they were on a vampiric schedule, with everyone sleeping during daylight hours, I didn’t doubt Serena would have stepped into the hall with Grant. But it was dark outside, and even a fifth-floor window could be a Strigoi liability. Serena wasn’t keen on leaving her new charge alone. Lissa’s hotel suite had an expansive living room and work area, with an adjacent bedroom accessible through frosted-glass French doors. Serena nodded toward them. â€Å"How about I just go in there?† A smart idea. Provided privacy but kept her close by. Then, Serena realized the implications, and she blushed. â€Å"I mean†¦ unless you guys want to go in there and I’ll–â€Å" â€Å"No,† exclaimed Lissa, growing more and more embarrassed. â€Å"This is fine. We’ll stay in here. We’re just talking.† I wasn’t sure whose benefit that was for, Serena’s or Christian’s. Serena nodded and disappeared into the bedroom with a book, which reminded me eerily of Dimitri. She shut the door. Lissa wasn’t sure how well noise traveled, so she turned the TV on. â€Å"God, that was miserable,† she groaned. Christian seemed totally at ease as he leaned against the wall. He wasn’t the formal type by any means, but he’d put on dress clothes for dinner earlier and still wore them. They looked good on him, no matter how much he always complained. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because she thinks we’re–she thinks we’re–well, you know.† â€Å"So? What’s the big deal?† Lissa rolled her eyes. â€Å"You’re a guy. Of course it doesn’t matter to you.† â€Å"Hey, it’s not like we haven’t. Besides, better for her to think that than to know the truth.† The reference to their past sex life inspired a mix of emotions–embarrassment, anger, and longing–but she refused to let that show. â€Å"Fine. Let’s just get this over with. We’ve got a big day, and our sleep’s going to be all screwy as it is. Where do we start? Do you want me to get the stake?† â€Å"No need yet. We should just practice some basic defensive moves.† He straightened up and moved toward the center of the room, dragging a table out of the way. I swear, if not for the context, watching the two of them attempt combat training on their own would have been hilarious. â€Å"Okay,† he said. â€Å"So you already know how to punch.† â€Å"What? I do not!† He frowned. â€Å"You knocked out Reed Lazar. Rose mentioned it, like, a hundred times. I’ve never heard her so proud about something.† â€Å"I punched one person once in my life,† she pointed out. â€Å"And Rose was coaching me. I don’t know if I could do it again.† Christian nodded, looking disappointed–not in her skills but because he had an impatient nature and wanted to jump right into the really hard-core fighting stuff. Nonetheless, he proved a surprisingly patient teacher as he went over the fine art of punching and hitting. A lot of his moves were actually things he’d picked up from me. He’d been a decent student. Was he at guardian levels? No. Not by a long shot. And Lissa? She was smart and competent, but she wasn’t wired for combat, no matter how badly she wanted to help with this. Punching Reed Lazar had been a beautiful thing, but it didn’t appear to be anything that would ever become natural for her. Fortunately, Christian started with simple dodging and watching one’s opponent. Lissa was just a beginner at it but showed a lot of promise. Christian seemed to chalk it up to his instructive skills, but I’d always thought spirit users had a kind of preternatural instinct about what others might do next. I doubted it would work on Strigoi, though. After a little of that, Christian finally returned to offense, and that’s when things went bad. Lissa’s gentle, healing nature didn’t mesh with that, and she refused to really strike out with her full force, for fear of hurting him. When he realized what was happening, his snarky temper started to rise. â€Å"Come on! Don’t hold back.† â€Å"I’m not,† she protested, delivering a punch to his chest that didn’t come close to budging him. He raked a hand irritably through his hair. â€Å"You are too! I’ve seen you knock on a door harder than you’re hitting me.† â€Å"That’s a ridiculous metaphor.† â€Å"And,† he added, â€Å"you aren’t aiming for my face.† â€Å"I don’t want to leave a mark!† â€Å"Well, at the rate we’re going, there’s no danger of that,† he muttered. â€Å"Besides, you can heal it away.† I was amused at their bickering but didn’t like his casual encouragement of spirit use. I still hadn’t shaken my guilt over the long-term damage that the prison break could have caused. Reaching forward, Christian grabbed her by the wrist and jerked her toward him. He balled her fingers with his other hand and then slowly demonstrated how to swing a punch upward by pulling her fist toward his face. He was more interested in showing the technique and motion, so it only brushed against him. â€Å"See? Arc upward. Make the impact right there. Don’t worry about hurting me.† â€Å"It’s not that simple†¦.† Her protest died off, and suddenly, they both seemed to notice the situation they were in. There was barely any space between them, and his fingers were still wrapped around her wrist. They felt warm against Lissa’s skin and were sending electricity through the rest of her body. The air between them seemed thick and heavy, like it might just wrap them up and pull them together. From the widening of Christian’s eyes and sudden intake of breath, I was willing to bet he was having a similar reaction at being so close to her body. Coming to himself, he abruptly released her hand and stepped back. â€Å"Well,† he said roughly, though still clearly unnerved by the proximity, â€Å"I guess you aren’t really serious about helping Rose.† That did it. Sexual tension notwithstanding, anger kindled up in Lissa at the comment. She balled her fist and totally caught Christian off guard when she swung out and socked him in the face. It didn’t have the grace of her Reed punch, but it took Christian hard. Unfortunately, she lost her balance in the maneuver and stumbled forward into him. The two of them went down together, hitting the floor and knocking over a small table and lamp nearby. The lamp caught the table’s corner and broke. Meanwhile, Lissa had landed on Christian. His arms instinctively went out around her, and if the space between them before had been small, it was nonexistent now. They stared into each other’s eyes, and Lissa’s heart was pounding fiercely in her chest. That tantalizing electric feeling crackled around them again, and all the world for her seemed to focus on his lips. Both she and I wondered later if they might have kissed, but just then, Serena came bursting out of the bedroom. She was on guardian high alert, body tense and ready to face an army of Strigoi with her stake in hand. She came screeching to a halt when she saw the scene before her: what appeared to be a romantic interlude. Admittedly, it was an odd one, what with the broken lamp and swelling red mark on Christian’s face. It was pretty awkward for everyone, and Serena’s attack mode faded to one of confusion. â€Å"Oh,† she said uncertainly. â€Å"Sorry.† Embarrassment flooded Lissa, as well as self-resentment at being affected so much by Christian. She was furious at him, after all. Hastily, she pulled away and sat up, and in her flustered state, she felt the need to make it clear that there was nothing romantic whatsoever going on. â€Å"It†¦ it’s not what you think,† she stuttered, looking anywhere except at Christian, who was getting to his feet and seemed just as mortified as Lissa. â€Å"We were fighting. I mean, practicing fighting. I want to learn to defend against Strigoi. And attack them. And stake them. So Christian was kind of helping me, that’s all.† There was something cute about her rambling, and it reminded me charmingly of Jill. Serena visibly relaxed, and while she’d mastered that blank face all guardians excelled at, it was clear she was amused. â€Å"Well,† she said, â€Å"it doesn’t look like you’re doing a very good job.† Christian turned indignant as he stroked his injured cheek. â€Å"Hey! We are too. I taught her this.† Serena still thought it was all funny, but a serious, considering glint was starting to form in her eyes. â€Å"That seems like it was more lucky than anything else.† She hesitated, like she was on the verge of a big decision. At last she said, â€Å"Look, if you guys are serious about this, then you need to learn to do it the right way. I’ll show you how.† No. Way. I was seriously on the verge of escaping the Court and hitchhiking to Lehigh to really show them how to throw a punch–with Serena as my example–when something jolted me away from Lissa and back into my own reality. Hans. I had a sarcastic greeting on my lips, but he didn’t give me a chance. â€Å"Forget the filing and follow me. You’ve been summoned.† â€Å"I–what?† Highly unexpected. â€Å"Summoned where?† His face was grim. â€Å"To see the queen.† How to cite Spirit Bound Chapter Thirteen, Essay examples

Jan van Eyck Example For Students

Jan van Eyck Biography Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in painting3 Famous paintings made by Jan van Eyck3.1 The Ghent Altarpiece3.2 Madonna of chancellor rolin3.3 Portrait of Giovanni arnolfini and his wife3.4 Crucifixion and last judgment diptych Biography Jan van Eyck (ca. 1390-1441) is a Dutch painter, the greatest artist of his time and early Renaissance. Van Eyck perfected the technique of writing oil paints and became, thus, the ancestor of the Golden Age of Dutch painting. Dutch artist Jan van Eyck was very famous in his time. The most important artist of our century so named Jan van Eyck his younger contemporary, Italian humanist Bartolomeo Fazio. He was born between 1390-1400 in Maaseik. Unfortunately, little is known about the infant and youthful life of the artist. From 1425 to 1429 years he worked for the Duke Philip the Good  in Lille. He carried out various artwork, and even some diplomatic assignments (such as mediation in marriage, for example). And also, Jan van Eyck was the godfather of Philip’s son. The Van Eyck was highly valued by Duke and considered him as a cultured and educated man, unparalleled in art and knowledge. Already mentioned Bartolomeo Facio wrote in the book on the famous men of his day that Jan was fascinated with geometry, created a kind of a geographic map. The artists experiments in the field of oil paint technology speak of knowledge in chemistry. In addition, he was interested in botany, which is demonstrated by his paintings. A lot of controversy arises around the artists paintings and his relationship with his brother. Their relationship with Hubert created an aura of austerity. His name is mentioned next to the name of Yana several times, and there is very little information. Most scientists believe that Hubert was much older and taught Jan the skill of the painter. Some of the pictures they painted together and some separately. There are a huge number of paintings, the author of which has not been identified. But also, there is a version that Hubert was not so much an artist as a decorator, and with his brother, they worked as a family contract. Other researchers believe that Hubert just a namesake and a very average artist in fact. And some, in general, believe that no Hubert did not exist at all, and all this is a hoax. Key Ideas in painting In the book Secret Knowledge British artist David Hockney published an interesting idea according to which Jan van Eyck and his other contemporary artists used optical devices, such as concave mirrors, to design images on the surface of the canvas. This would allow the artist to capture the smallest details of various complex objects, such as jewelry, folds of clothing, hairs in the hair, and the fabric textures, in general, are depicted with diabolical precision. His manner of multi-layered writing allowed to achieve depth and richness of color. Saturated sparkling colors have helped the artist to emphasize the realism of what is happening and to show wealth and material abundance practically on each of his paintings. Van Eyck perfected the technique of oil painting. With the help of oil, the artist achieved realism of the highest degree. He worked on oak boards (most often Baltic oak), after, the canvas was covered with a dense layer of white soil, to obtain a smooth, shiny surface. Then he applied a drawing, sometimes very detailed, then did a translucent underpainting and began to apply one after another translucent layer of oil. The main means of medieval painting on wood was the tempera –it is painted consisting of a finely milled pigment mixed with egg yolk and diluted with water. It was thick and quickly dried up, which did not allow the artist to create the main tonal transitions. Oil paint is viscous, slowly drying substance made it possible to apply a variety of methods of painting from thin, translucent ink layers to dense, opaque layers of paint. With the help of oil paints, it was possible to obtain the innumerable shades needed to transfer the three-dimensional image, and also, for the first time in painting, thick dark shadows. Compared with the egg tempera, wax paints, and frescoes, oil paints enjoyed an advantage, because now the artist had the opportunity to change the design in the process of work. Without them, the Flemish painters could not reach such heights in the transfer of the visible world. .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 , .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 .postImageUrl , .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 , .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2:hover , .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2:visited , .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2:active { border:0!important; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2:active , .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2 .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8714931f3b19f4e743581ceb07e2ffa2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diego RiveraFamous paintings made by Jan van Eyck The Ghent Altarpiece One of the most famous paintings of Van Eyck is the Ghent Altar, which began his brother, but he died in 1426, and Ian continued and completed this work. The Ghent altar is a large two-tier, multi-part folding-series of paintings and hundreds of figures are united in it by an idea and architectonics. The greatest work of art of the XV century. It consists of 12 wooden panels and an external frame (now lost). The iconography of the altar has not yet been deciphered completely and raises many questions. In 2016, eight pieces of the altar were restored and exhibited for public viewing. Madonna of chancellor rolin Van Eyck created a series of paintings dedicated to the Madonna, and also was a true master of the portrait. In the altar work The Madonna of Chancellor Rolen the artists method becomes more complicated. This picture was created by the Dutch painter Jan van Eyck in 1435. Not very large (6662 cm), it seems larger than its actual size. The picture depicts Chancellor Nicolas Rolen (1376? -1462). He was born in Odeon in the bourgeois family, Nicholas was a famous patron of art, he always helped painters and supported their undertakings, ordered a lot of paintings, as, indeed, this one. He also took part in the creation of the system of the early Absolutist state administration of Duke Philip the Good. The painting was before time in the church belonging to the Chancellor Notre Dame Du Chatelet in the city of Odeune (Burgundy, France). In 1793, the church was burnt, but the picture was saved. After that, for about ten years, the painting was in the city cathedral of Otien, and then in 1805 entered the Louvre. Portrait of Giovanni arnolfini and his wife The Arnolfini Portrait is the first known in European painting pair portrait, written in 1434 in Bruges. According to the studies of numerous art historians, Jan van Eyck portrayed merchant Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini with his wife. Others are opponents of this version because the heroes are not in the wrong hands and not on those fingers are wearing rings. Plus, a handshake is not characteristic of wedding ceremonies. And in general, the portrait was written after the death of a woman. Giovanni di Nikolao in 1426 took his 13-year-old Constanza Trent to wife. Her mother Bartholomew, in a letter dated February 26, 1433, addressed to Lorenzo de Medici, reports the death of Constantza. The extinguished candle in the chandelier above the woman is treated as another proof that the painting was written after the death of the lady. Still, others generally claim that in the picture van Eyck portrayed himself with his wife, Margaret. Crucifixion and last judgment diptych The picture-diptych was written by the Eyky brothers in 1420-1425. Is a two-folded folding large enough, in comparison with other works of Van Eyck, a size of 56.5 x 19.5 cm (each leaf)? There is a suggestion that, in fact, there were three canvases. The paintings began to be written two years before the Ghent altar and three more years of work were conducted in parallel. On the vertical axis, you can see the key moments of the Last Judgment: Christ is the judge at the top, and the Archangel Michael, who controls the underworld. Next, to Jesus, you can see the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist, who seem to float above people who have entered paradise. Some parts of the painting contain inscriptions in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew.

Black Boy Book Report Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Black Boy Book Report Essay, Research Paper # 65279 ; Black Boy I. Drumhead Black Boy by Richard Wright is an autobiographical expression at his life. It covers his life from the age of 4 old ages to his mid 20 # 8217 ; s. The book shows the life of a immature black adult male turning up in the South with Jim Crow Torahs and the general hatred for inkinesss by Whites. After recognizing that the colour of his tegument limited his chances in the South he dreamed of traveling North for a different life. Finally he moved north to Chicago, but merely saw small difference in racial equality. In Chicago he began tie ining with the Communist party: because of their just intervention of inkinesss. Black Boy illustrates the predicament of black America and how Wright dealt with it through instruction and reading. In his pursuit for cognition, Wright stirred up animus among both inkinesss and Whites. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Boy Book Report Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page William Wright was born September 4,1908 on a farm in Mississippi. He was the oldest of two, his brother Alan was a twelvemonth younger. Wright had a unsmooth childhood ; plagued by poorness, forsakings, and changeless whippings by household members. Through all of his adversities Wright neer lost sight of what was of import, his instruction and his self-pride. At a really early age Richard has to cover with some highly tough issues. At the mere age of five, Richards father left him and the household behind for another adult female. This financially ruined his household even worse. His female parent had to acquire a occupation to feed them. His male parent offered no fiscal support nor did a tribunal order him to. Because his female parent could non gain adequate money to purchase nutrient, Wright went out to happen work to assist ; predating an instruction. At age 8 his female parent suffered a shot which paralyzed her, this made her unable to work. She required changeless medical attending. Wright, his female parent and brother moved to his grandparents house. Wright spent most of his childhood life at his grandmas. He is treated really ill by his grandma and his aunt Addie. They are invariably crushing him for no evident ground. These whippings go on for a long clip, but he fights back several times against his grandma, aunts, and uncles. Wright had a great trade of independency and autonomy, likely gained by the forsakings suffered as a immature adult male. Another beginning of convulsion in Wrights life while populating in his grandmas house was a affair of faith. His expansive female parent went to church all the clip and was invariably citing the bible, but Wright did non believe in God or the church. His grandma hated him for this Race dealingss did non affect Wright through out his early childhood. He did non even recognize there was a difference in colour until his early teens. A black in the early 1900 # 8217 ; s was supposed to move a certain manner in forepart of Whites: like they were sub-human. It took Wright a long clip to larn that. He would move like anyone else non acknowledging Whites as superior merely peers. He about got killed because of it. One twenty-four hours, when Wright was a adolescent, a group of white work forces offered Wright a drive he said # 8221 ; certain # 8221 ; . Half to town they threw him out of the auto and told him the following clip a white adult male offers you a drive you better say # 8220 ; Sir # 8221 ; or they # 8217 ; ll kill you! In his teens Wright learned of the North and how much better it was for inkinesss than in the South. He worked long hours and tried to salvage his money but his parts to his grandmas house took most of his money. He could merely salvage $ 1 dollar a hebdomad, he needed $ 100 for his trip to Chicago where he had relations. He resorted to stealing from his foreman. He got adequate money in three hebdomads. He left his grandmas house which he hated. He promised his female parent that he would direct for her when he got settled a promise he would ever maintain. Although he hated his household he loved his female parent and brother in a heartfelt way. He stopped in Memphis on his manner to Chicago. He settled there for a small piece. He got a occupation and rented a room with a nice household, but this household had a girl that they wanted to get married off but Richard wanted no portion of that and moved instead rapidly. While in Memphis he sent for his Mother and Brother. After they arrived they preceded to Chicago. Chicago was really different than Mississippi, he saw inkinesss and Whites would walk past each other on the streets and inkinesss would non hold to avoid Whites. There was no menaces of lynching and unfastened force directed at inkinesss. Work was besides plentiful. Wright neer had jobs happening work. Even during the depression Wright had no job happening work. At this clip Wright is really good read, he is reading some of the best plants of his clip and through these readings he develops a really good cognition of how the universe works. He is the prototype of a ego taught adult male, his intelligence is axiomatic. Walking place from work one dark he heard a talker speaking about working category people uniting and taking charge. It is Communism, and from the really get downing he is taken by its doctrines. He is most impressed on its base on racial equality. He joins the Communist party and becomes passionately active. Finally Wright leaves the communist party because of differing positions on the manner the party is headed, but he still believes gt ; with the political orientation of communism to his decease. Black male child ends with Wrights go forthing the communist party. He wrote the terminal of the book as a prefiguration of what America and race dealingss are headed for. A really inexorable hereafter. II. Concepts a. Culture. A shared manner of life: The beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects shared by a peculiar people. Richard Wright shows the behaviour of inkinesss around Whites. Never looking them straight in the oculus, acquiring out of their manner when a white came by on the street or at work. Always be obedient around Whites. He shows this on page 218 when speaking to his friend about how he acts in forepart of Whites. b. Stratification. A system by which a society ranks classs of people in a hierarchy. The stratification of Richard Wrights society is one that puts black below that of Whites and perchance even animate beings. Wright uses an illustration of stratification on page 43 when he talks of western civilisation and how inkinesss were kept out. c. Norms. Rules that guide behaviour. Richard grew up with norms like no cursing or utilizing the Godheads name in vena. Some regulations that were given to inkinesss by Whites are, inkinesss must state sir when turn toing a white, they must neer look a white in the oculus when speech production. Stealing is a norm that Richard shows a different mentality on. ( P. 240. ) d. Values. Standards by which members of a civilization distinguish the desirable from the unwanted. One value that Americans possessed is the chase of stuff wealth. Page 321 explains what Wright see incorrect with this. e. Moress. Norms that have great moral significance. Murder is an illustration of a mores. It is a more in any clip period. Murder among and of inkinesss was frequently over looked in Wrights clip. He explains this on page 269, how a black adult male was lynched and there was no 1 arrested signifier slaying. f. Folkways. Norms that have small moral significance. The manner people are expected to dress. Wright at an early age wants to conform to the manner his school couples frock by purchasing long bloomerss. ( P. 160 ) g. Socialization. Lifelong societal experience by which persons develop human potency and larn the form of their civilization. Socialization through household and equals were the most of import to Wright. Page 91 shows Wright and his equals and how they live in a detached society. Pages 54 and 55 shows how Wrights female parent explained the differences of black and white. h. Role A ; Status. Status is a recognized societal place that an single occupies. Role is a form of expected behaviour attached to a peculiar position. Wright had several Role A ; Statuss turning up, as a kid he was expected to be obedient and respectful of his household. As a black grownup he was expected to go a worker for a white household or foreman and be nil more than janitor. He was non expected to be able to read and compose so good it got him in problem. Wright experienced a batch of problem in his life because he did non ever fit in to the function and position he was expected to. ( P. 421 ) i. Deviancy. The recognized misdemeanor of cultural norms. Richard Wright shows aberrance about in his full life. From his contending back against the inordinate whippings he received from his aunts ( P. 126 ) . To his aspirations of an instruction and a better life ( P. 390 ) . J. Primary Group. A little societal group in which relationships are both personal and digesting. Richard Wrights primary group consisted merely of his Mother, Brother, and Aunt Maggie. k. Secondary Group. A big and impersonal societal group based on a specific involvement or activity. Willard huntington wrights secondary groups would dwell of his occupation at the station office, his rank to the communist party. l. Significant Other. Is the individual that person would wish to emulate. Wright through out his life did non desire to emulate anyone in his race and Whites. Wright wanted to emulate authors because of there accomplishments and what they provided to their readers. He wanted to give readers meaningful things to read that would consequence their lives. III. Methodology Black Boy is an autobiography of Richard Wright. Although this is autobiography Richard Wright Tells it like a novel, and is in Participant Observer method. Although in a true participant perceiver the individual voluntarily puts himself in the group he is analyzing. Wright was born into the state of affairs he is in. When he writes this Wright offers insight to what is traveling on in his head and besides a retrospect of what he feels when he was composing Black Boy about 20 old ages after. He does this as about an almighty storyteller. IV. Opinion I would extremely urge this book to people. It is a good written book that reads fast and is really entertaining. I think it should be required reading for everyone in college. It offers a position that most white people don # 8217 ; t understand. It would give them a new penetration on race dealingss and expression at themselves as how they perceive inkinesss. Black kids of the 90 # 8217 ; s should read this because I feel it would give them new penetration on their ain heritage and battle of inkinesss after bondage. It would demo them how much they can carry through even in the face of subjugation. 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How to Tell if a File Exists in Perl

How to Tell if a File Exists in Perl Perl has a set of useful file test operators that can be used to  see whether a file exists or not. Among them is -e, which checks to see if a file exists. This information could be useful to you when you are working on a script that needs access to a specific file, and you want to be sure that the file is there before performing operations. If, for example, your script has a log or a configuration file that it depends upon, check for it first. The example script below throws a descriptive error if a file is not found using this test. #!/usr/bin/perl$filename /path/to/your/file.doc;if (-e $filename) {print File Exists!;} First, you create a string that contains the path to the file that you want to test. Then you wrap the -e (exists) statement in a conditional block so that the print statement (or whatever you put there) is only called if the file exists. You could test for the opposite- that the file does not exist- by using the unless conditional: unless (-e $filename) {print File Doesnt Exist!;} Other File Test Operators You can test for two or more things at a time using the and () or the or (||) operators. Some other Perl file test operators are: -r checks if the file is readable-w checks if the file is writeable-x checks if the file is executable-z checks if the file is empty-f checks if the file is a plain file-d checks if the file is a directory-l checks if the file is a symbolic link Using a file test can help you avoid errors or make you aware of an error that needs to be fixed.

Market research 1 -The marketing research process,scope etc for your Essay

Market research 1 -The marketing research process,scope etc for your chosen scenario - Essay Example Simultaneously, the applicability of various techniques for the proposed study will be studied and the best method will be identified. The market research is meant to identify the requirements of the customers visiting a bank. The research attempts to identify the importance the customers gave towards features like security of transmission, the customer-banker relationship, the bank’s array of services, and foothold amongst other factors. The research will not be testing as to how the customers actually perceive the services provided by the bankers, but just their expectations. The research will make an attempt to form conclusions to identify areas where the bankers should focus upon. Bank customers demand a varied type of services from their banks apart from the traditional ones they already provide. One of the most important among them is a hassle free and fast transfer of our funds. An ideal way of transferring funds is to convert physical money to an electronic one that can facilitate a large number of aspects ranging from increased efficiency in money transmission, low transaction cost in money transmission, expansion of economic activities on the internet and opening up of new businesses opportunities. However, these increased facilities are not free of problems. The most important one that the bank customers face is related to security issues. Another problem often faced by bank customers throughout the world is that of a weak customer-management relationship. People are very concerned about their hard-earned money, and often seek expert advice on them issues related to their investment. It is expected from the bank management to enrich them with their experience. But often it is found that the banks fail to attain friendly terms with their customers that would provide the latter with the freedom to interact. (Susan Ward, Customer Relationship

Conflict resolution Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Conflict resolution - Case Study Example Environmentalists and executives of a company accused of polluting a stream meet to resolve their differences at a university-run mediation center in the Southeast. All of these examples are part of a new way of dealing with conflict. These new approaches to conflict are usually referred to by the general term "conflict resolution." Something whose roots can be traced to four (sometimes separate, sometimes intertwining) movements, all of which began in the mid-1960s and early 1970s: (1) new developments in organizational relations; (2) the introduction of the "problem-solving workshop" in international relations; (3) a redirection of religious figures from activist work in peace-related endeavors to an emphasis upon "peacemaking"; and (4) the criticism of lawyers and the court system by the general public that resulted in what is known as alternative dispute resolution (ADR). These four movements, which comprise the major divisions in the new field of conflict resolution, are all part of a more encompassing phenomenon in recent American history--the realization that the bureaucratization of the modern world has resulted in extreme depersonalization. This realization resulted in the questioning of legitimate authority characteristic of the 1960s and early 1970s in America. Thus, the emergence of the field of conflict resolution must be seen in the context of the larger framework of social and cultural change in American society. In the United States, as in all industrialized societies, legitimacy is based on authority embodied in the legal system, bureaucratic administration, and centralization. Indeed, we live in a society characterized by the rationalization of law, centralization and concentration within industry, and the subsequent extension of state intervention to previously private human actions. Like the civil rights movement, the women's liberation movement, the anti-Vietnam War movement, and the questioning of every major institutional order in the 1960s, conflict resolution was born in a time of questioning whether traditional legal authority served the needs of people or supported a status quo that reinforced social and political inequality. The 1960s ushered in a time of change and conflict. It was perceived by an active and vocal, if not large, part of the population that change was good, and the conflict that often produced the change was also a positive thing and not something to be avoided. Each of the four movements in conflict resolution, in their own unique way, represents a challenge to traditional authority, a part of this new way of looking at change and conflict. In the area of organizational relations this took the form of a questioning of top-down, centralized decision making and the role conflict played in organizations. In international relations, the "power paradigm" (the view that there are severe limitations to political reform because human beings are power-seeking creatures by nature and must be controlled by strong government action) was challenged via the notion that human beings seek to fulfill their basic needs rather than always seeking power and material interests. In certain religious organizations this took the form of an emphasis upon the religious community's ability to

The legal restrictions of race and whiteness Essay

The legal restrictions of race and whiteness - Essay Example It happened in 1985 when the United States administration under President Ronald Reagan, supplied weapons to Iran in exchange for hostages that were being held by Hezbollah a terrorist outfit loyal to Ayatollah Khomeini the Iran leader. Proceeds from this sale were given to the Contra guerrillas in Nicaragua. The Contras were armed opposition to Nicaragua’s Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction, which formed after Anastasio Somoza Dabayle was overthrown from government. The Gorbachev policy of Perestroika and Glasnost were the two policies that were put into practice in the USSR. Perestroika was the democratization of the communist party allowing civilians to have a modest ay, in government, and economic reform by allowing some industries to operate semi-privately and ending price control through a semi-free market system. Glasnost meant openness, which increased the freedom of expression in the media and people. The birth control pill has defined the 20th Century by giving women an upper hand in dictating when to fall pregnant unlike before it was discovered where they relied on luck or fate. The birth control pill has made it easier to control unwanted pregnancies and control population. The Bay of Pigs was a military incursion into Cuba by exiles that were trained and supported, by the United States government, to try and overthrow the dictatorship regime of President Fidel Castro. Their action was unsuccessful because they did not receive the expected from the

Challenges and Opportunities in the UK Labour Market

Challenges and Opportunities in the UK Labour Market 1: The Business dictionary defines the labour market as: The nominal market in which workers find paying work, employers find willing workers, and wage rates are determined. Labour markets may be local or national (even international) in their scope and are made up of smaller, interacting labour markets for different qualifications, skills, and geographical locations. They depend on exchange of information between employers and job seekers about wage rates, conditions of employment, level of competition, and job location. Although not as heavily regulated as many other countries, the UK labour markets are regulated in many different ways, these include protections against oppression and discrimination, enhance efficiency, attribute responsibility, improve health and safety conditions, offers security, cut costs relating to employee/employer opportunism, and encouraging behaviour from employees and employers by imposing costs and rewards. Employment regulations exist to provide flexibility to employers and job and financial security to employees. It is vital in reducing poverty, supporting growth and employment with equity. Some argue the UK is not regulated enough e.g. TUC has called for greater protection in some areas of employment and argued for measures to further support collective bargaining. Whereas, Employers have complained that increased regulation restricts flexibility, particularly in times of economic burden. For regulations to be effective they must be implemented well and enforced. Social partner institutions such as, the Arbitration and Conciliation Advisory Service (Acas), the Low Pay Commission (LPC), the Health and Safety Commission (HSC), and the UK Commission for Skills and Employment (UKCES) regulate and influence the labour market via intervention and enforcement, to improve practices within the workplace. Regulation can also exist in the form of accreditation, e.g. a licence is required to perform a particular service. The number of professionals within the UK continues to expand. In 2014 roughly 24% of workers were classified professionals. Regulation has brought an end to the closed shop, restricted the ability to strike, and trade union governance. Although employers complain about regulation, it is recognised that it provides them with a level playing field in the market place. The UK economy is recovering, all be it slower than before. Recovery has not been helped by financial problems within the Eurozone, impacting on export markets. However, employment has now surpassed pre-recession peaks in terms of jobs (2012) and hours worked (2013). More recently there has been an increase in the number of jobs at both the top and the bottom of the job market, with significant fall in skilled trades in the middle resulting in an hourglass labour market. Although long term unemployment has increased, the UK has been relatively successful at keeping people in employment; employment rate, generally increasing each year since 2012, climbing to 73.7% (ONS 2015). Unemployment rates have fallen, however those with low skill levels and the young being more harshly hit. Youth unemployment has fallen sharply, and stands at around 22%. (UKES 2014). Although it should be remembered that substantially more young individuals are staying on in education, and enter the labour market much later than in the past, as graduates. The number of self employed has continued to grow, equating to 83% of net gains in employment since 2007 (Ashworth et al 2014). However, earnings with this sector have also dropped considerably. In addition to the growing self employed, the UK has also seen a substantial increase in other less secure employment. Since 2010 there has been a 50% increase in temporary work, zero our contracts, and government training schemes (OECD 2013). Employment within administrative and secretarial roles, and low skilled manual roles, continue to decline in many industries as technology advances. The world is becoming smaller, and many tasks/roles becoming automated. Many employees will find it necessary to retrain to keep up with technology advances and the changes it inevitably brings. Technology enables change, cost savings, and investment. Employees can now work from anywhere in the country/world quickly and efficiently, with the Financial Services, Specialist Engineering, and I.T. being amongst the industries leading growth and all greatly dependant on technology. There has been an increase of higher skilled workers commanding higher pay, within some industries; these include advanced manufacturing, creative and digital sectors (HM Treasury, 2011). Evidence shows those with higher skills and qualifications are more likely to remain employed; high-lighting the importance of high skills on job market outcomes. Research shows a drop in real wages of roughly 2% each year since 2010. (UKES 2014). By the end of 2013, real wages were roughly at levels of a decade previous. Removal of the default retirement age and changes to pension schemes, has seen individuals working longer, putting pressures on employers to ensure their policies and practices relate to older employees, and older employees needing to constantly retrain to meet the demands of different roles across their working life. There has been a drop of 19,000 people on Government supported training programmes. Public sector employment has also fallen, with numbers at lowest levels since comparable records began in 1999. However there has been a significant increase within private sector. Although it still exists there has been a reduction in the gender pay gap. IFS research shows an average difference in womens pay compared to means is 18%. This increases again after women have children. Freedom of movement within an ever growing EU, in addition to an increase in migration from outside the EU, has brought a large number of migrants into the UK looking for work; the number of non-UK nationals employed in the UK grew from 986,000 to 3.22 million 2015) between September 1997 and 2015. Many of which are employed in low-skilled work. Women, people from minority ethnic groups, people with disabilities, and those aged under 25 and over 55 years are all more likely to be either unemployed or economically inactive (Brewer et al., 2012). More women in the workplace, with more part time roles, and family friendly policies available. 1971 37% climbing to 69% by September 2015. The number of employed has increased to just over 4.1 million between 1992 and 2013; those over-50 increasing by 3.2 million, under-25s falling by almost 800,000. By 2013 the number of over 50s increased to 29% from 21% in 1992. 16 to 64 year-olds with a degree or higher-level qualification increased to +20% in the last 20 years. 2014, approximately 24% of employees were classified as professionals in the UK. Goods and services traded globally, are now five times the value in 1980. 2: Employment relationships are both an economic exchange (agreement to give wages for work) and a power relation (employee agrees to accept the employers authority). The psychological contract (Rousseau 1995), relies upon reciprocal expectations between the employer and employee being met. If violated employees may become de-motivated, and inefficient. Organisations have a huge variety of methods available to them, which involve the employee in the decision making process, making them feel valued and motivated which in turn, supports both the traditional and the psychological contract, enabling a positive working relationship, innovation, and high performing teams, these include: Participation empowers and motivates the employee by involving them in decision making. Teams are also trusted to make decisions for themselves, and encouraged to take responsibility for the quality of their own work. Examples include project groups, whereby employees are delegated resposnisbility to make important decisions, suggestion schemes providing employees with a channel to make comments and put forward new ideas, delegation of responsibility to employees at all levels, particulalry those on the front line and multi directional decision making allowing decisions to feed not only top down, but upwards and sideways too. Employee participation is also sometimes referred to as Employee Involvement. Employee Involvement is the level of employee contribution. A one-on-one approach between employee and management. Employee is involved throughout the decision-making process, therefore encouraging employee ownership. Information is the methods used by organisations to communicate information to their employees e.g. newsletters, information pinned to notice boards, informal networking, emails, and a combination of cascaded briefings, face-to-face communication from senior management and employee representatives. Consultation is the process used by organisations toconsult both directly with their employees, via face-to-face upwards communication, or staff surveys for example, and indirectly via employee representatives. e.g. Joint consultation review issues deemed to be of common interest/ importance to all parties, at unionised/non-union workplaces, predominantly private sector Collective representation Predominantly in public sector and some large private sector businesses. Involves negotiation between employee representatives (unionised/non union) and senior management on pay and other conditions of employment. Partnership schemes employee representatives and employers stress mutual gains. Tackle issues via co-operation. There is a high commitment to sharing information. Employee forums groups of mixed groups unionised/non-union employees meet with managers to share information and consultation. Employees can have a significant influence on the outcome. Partnership working is where employers and employees and/or their representatives work collaboratively to make decisions and plan actions. Partnership can take shape in a formal agreement between an employer and a trade union, but it is also used to refer to a way of working in co-operation (Reilly, 2001). Employee relations today, includes both collective and individual relationships, with alternative direct and indirect channels for employee voice emerging, including communication and involvement via team briefings, staff surveys, project working groups, social media, joint consultation, collective bargaining etc. Although union membership within the UK has fallen since 1980s, and employment relations without the involvement of unions is the norm within some industries, collective bargaining still has a considerable influence on European labour regulations. Typically where an organisation is unionised a significant number of employees will be members. Unions will bargain on behalf of the employee, and/or intervene with disputes between employees and management. As they represent large number of employees they are much harder for management to ignore. They can also protect the employee from victimisation. Another major benefit of belonging to a unionised organisation is that management can be legally bound to take procedures more seriously. In addition, unions have the power to threaten industrial action. Trade unions are still a strong force, primarily in the public sector, and large private sector companies. The majority of working population however, do not have access to union representation. Some parts of the public sector do not recognise trade unions; impacting on collective bargaining, representation in grievance, disciplinary matters etc, within large parts of the private sector. Smaller firms use more informal relations for consultation, using intermediaries offering advice primarily on the internet and in publications. However, many small firms operate without procedures and as such can lead to inconsistencies in employment relations. Non-union consultative committees are becoming common place in private sector, filling part of the gap generated by the decline in collective bargaining; the consultation process giving access to management enabling dialogue. In redundancy situations where no trade unions is recognised, non-union employee representatives must be advised and consulted of redundancies of +20 employees is proposed within a 30 day period. Bryson found that direct voice makes a particular difference in union settings suggesting that more channels makes for an employee voice with more impact. Elgar defines employee voice as the ways and means through which employees attempt to have a say and potentially influence organisational affairs about issues that affect their work and the interests of managers and owners. With a mixture of direct and indirect consultation and communication methods leading to higher levels of commitment, job satisfaction and job discretion. Initially employee voice was firmly equated with trade unions and collective bargaining, but more recently is viewed as a broad range of methods enabling employees to have a say about their organisation; it can be via both formal and informal systems, direct individual channels or indirect collective representation (CIPD 2010). Mechanisms can include one-to-one conversation between employee and employer, email communication, work/project groups, social events, suggestion schemes, profit-sharing, employee consultative committees and trade union representation. Research generally supports the notion that employee voice is beneficial to the working relationship of both the individual and the organisation; where employees are allowed to express their views and opinions, put forward suggestions for improvements, they feel recognised and valued. Data shows employee,employer relationships improve as trust increases and employee engagement and in turn performance increases. (Morrison et al. 2011). Farndale et al. (2011), argues that employee voice enables employees to communicate their views, and creates the belief that their contributions are valued, creating a level of respect and trust for their managers. Employee voice allows employees to feel recognised, listened to and valued, conversely, if no mechanisms for employee voice exist, or employees believe their views will have little or no influence it is likely to affect their attitudes and relationship with management (Farndale et al 2011). Truss et al. (2006) argues that one of the major drivers of employee engagement is employees being able to feed their opinions upwards. Research therefore suggests that there is likely to be a link between employee perceptions of voice and engagement, and increased engagement is proven to increase performance. 3: Organisational misbehaviour is defined as any intentional action made by members of an organisation that defies and violates shared organisational norms and expectations, and/or core societal values, mores and standards of proper conduct. (Yoav Vardi and Yoash Wiener 1996). Misbehaviour can be both minor e.g. poor timekeeping, and major e.g. stealing company resources. It can be internal and external, with the main aim being to hurt/damage others or the organisation, e.g. mistreatment, disruption and theft. Misbehaviour usually occurs where an employee: feels that they have been unfairly treated, unclear of job role bullying and harassment in workplace lack of training lack of equality and choose to repay this perceived unfairness by mibehaving. Misbehaviour inevitably leads to more management controls. Conflict in the workplace can take many forms including: an employee becoming withdrawn from the organisation, two workers who are not getting on, employee representatives and management at stand-off, an employee with a grievance, rivalry between teams, or a lack of trust and co-operation between employees and management. Where conflict exists, an organisation may experience a drop in motivation and in turn a drop in productivity, increased absenteeism, and increased negativity on staff surveys, and a general change in behaviour. By listening to employee views can help identify conflict, and take action to prevent the conflict becoming a problem. If conflict is not managed it can lead to strike action or even tribunal claims; Intervention at an early stage by management is crucial. When negotiation cannot resolve a workplace dispute industrial action typically follows. The three main forms of industrial action are: strike action short of a strike work to rule, overtime ban, or go slow lock-out the employer stops employees from working Official industrial action is authorised by the trade union. Employees have a minimum level of protection. Employees have additional protection where the union has appropriately balloted its members. Unofficial industrial action is action which has not been endorsed by any trade union. There is usually no right to argue unfair dismissal, if dismissed whilst taking part in unofficial action. Some conflicts are extremely visible. e.g., a heated exchange between two employees, or a stand off between management and an employee representative, and may result in misbehaviour. Organisational misbehaviour is defined as any intentional action made by members of an organisation that defies and violates shared organisational norms and expectations, and/or core societal values, mores and standards of proper conduct. (Vardi and Wiener 1996). e.g unauthorised absence, pilfering or sabotage. Conflict that is ignored will frequently escalate Recent industrial action trends are: Increase in private sector strikes however public sector lost significantly more days due to large scale strikes A decline in collective conflict increase in individual conflict, including strike, grievance or disciplinary measures Significant drop in strikes since 1980s mainly due to reduced trade union density and collective bargaining, and partnership working with employers. (WERS) average days lost fell to 0.5 million by 21st century 1999 employment tribunal cases soared +100,000, peaking again in 2006/7 with 132,500 applications Pay is the principal cause of labour disputes with the exception of 2009/2010, principal cause was redundancy The number of ballots up to 650, from 484 in 2013. Increase in multiple claims. Majority relating to equal pay claims against local authorities due to 1997 national agreement to seek single status of pay across employees. It is vital that managers are trained to enable them to deal with conflict. To help managers handle conflict they should: be trained to recognise signs of conflict, handle difficult conversations, manage absence, mediation and negotiation skills speak to their employees and letting them speak freely investigate conflict situations, and give sufficient time to finding resolution encourage open communication and expression of views in meetings and appraisals for example recognise the importance of feelings listen to what their employees are saying identify development and training opportunities explain and include employees in planning treat all employees fairly ensure safe working conditions have clear procedures particularly discipline, grievance, dispute procedures, absence and bullying and harrassment to ensure consistency write mediation into contracts of employment and/or grievance and disciplinary procedures identify when outside help is needed Third party involvement Where a dispute cannot be resolved using negotiation, unions and management may agree to approach Acas to resolve the dispute using conciliation, via independent support and advice. 70% cases who used ACAS, were settled or withdrawn before proceeding to an Employment Tribunal. Conciliation is used when a potential or an actual claim has been made to an employment tribunal. An impartial, independent person supporting two or more people in dispute to resolve their differences. Parties are not required to come face to face, as can be conducted over the phone. Pre-Claim Conciliation(PCC) saves time, money and stress. It promotes a quick solution for the employer and employee which may help to avoid a permanent breakdown in the relationship. Mediation is the most widespread form of conflict resolution. It is a form of early intervention and involves an impartial, independent person, or trained employee supporting two individuals/groups reach resolution, and maintain working relationships. Mediation does not make any judgments or determine the outcomes. They use appropriate tried and tested techniques to get people talking and listening and help determine the underlying causes of the problem. The mediator will try to get the parties to compromise and protect their working relationship for the future. The plus side of this method is, it can improve communication between parties, get them talking again when relationship had broken down, it is without prejudice and is flexible so resolution can be tailored to fit. However, the downside of this method includes, success is determined by how competent the mediator, it may not protect legal rights, and is relient on employee full co-operation and good faith, if pertinent parties are missing the process is weakened. Arbitration is a dispute which is settled by an independent person who considers everyones point of view and then issues a decision which is binding. An employee who believes they have been unfairly dismissed, has a complaint under the flexible working regulations, may have their complaint heard by an independent arbitrator who is appointed by Acas, if both sides agree. The plus side of this process is, it is completely confidential, it is formal and therefore minimises bad faith, it is quicker than the courts as there is less backlog, and the process is much shorter and therefore much less expensive. On the downside, success is dependent upon the arbitrator, right of appeal is limited, and confidentiality is not suitable in all disputes. Government has hi-lighted the importance of mediation in the workplace and extended the use of conciliation in-order to encourage the resolution of workplace disputes. 2012/13, over half of the cases (22,630) referred to PCC were resolved with less than a third progressing to tribunal (Acas, 2013). References ACAS. (2008). Conflict_at_work. Available: http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/f/j/Acas_Research_Conflict_at_work_03_08-accessible-version-July-2011.pdf. Last accessed 25.09.16. ACAS. (2014). Managing Conflict and Resolving Individual Employment Disputes in the Contemporary Workplace. Available: http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/6/9/reframing_policy_paper_FINAL.pdf. Last accessed 25.09.16. ACAS. (2016). Disputes and conflict in the workplace. Available: http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1662. Last accessed 25.09.16. ACAS. (2014). Workplace Dispute Resolution and the Management of Individual Conflict . Available: http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/q/a/0614-Workplace-Dispute-Resolution-Thematic-Review.pdf. Last accessed 25.09.16. Alessandra Sgubini, Mara Prieditis Andrea Marighetto. (2004). Arbitration, Mediation and Conciliation: differences and similarities from an International and Italian business perspective. Available: http://www.mediate.com/articles/sgubinia2.cfm. Last accessed 25.09.16. Anne Sharpe. (2014). Early Conciliation. Available: http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4018. Last accessed 25.09.16. CIPD. (2012). Managing employee relations in difficult times. Available: https://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/managing-employee-relations-in-difficult-times_2012.pdf. Last accessed 25.09.16. CIPD. (2015). Employment Regulations and the market. Available: https://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/employment-regulation-and-themarket_2015.pdf. Last accessed 25.09.16. CIPD. (2010). Voice and engagement: how does collective consultation contribute? . Available: http://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/5149_Voice_and_engagement.pdf. Last accessed 25.09.16. Craig Holmes and Ken Mayhew. (2012). The Changing Shape of the UK Job Market. Available: http://www.resolutionfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/The-Changing-Shape-of-the-UK-Job-Market.pdf. Last accessed 25.09.16. DifferenceBetween.com. (2014). difference-between-employee-involvement-and-vs-employee-participation. Available: http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-employee-involvement-and-vs-employee-participation/. Last accessed 25.09.16. Rees, C., Alfes, K . and Gatenby, M. . (2013). Employee voice and engagement: connections and consequences. Available: https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/files/23168236/postprint_IJHRM_2013.pdf. Last accessed 25.09.16. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/labor-market.html https://www.cipd.co.uk/Images/employment-regulation-and-the-labour-market_2015_tcm18-10238.pdf https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/343448/The_Labour_Market_Story-_An_Overview.pdf http://www.resolutionfoundation.org/app/uploads/2014/08/The-Changing-Shape-of-the-UK-Job-Market.pdf www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/social-trends/social-trends-41labour-market.pdf https://www.theguardian.com/money/2016/aug/23/gender-pay-gap-average-18-per-cent-less-uk-women http://www.employment-studies.co.uk/system/files/resources/files/427.pdf http://www.employment-studies.co.uk/system/files/resources/files/427.pdf https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/files/23168236/postprint_IJHRM_2013.pdf http://www2.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/333391D9-A8E3-4AC7-A4E1-50B8ECE66E38/0/9781843982685_sc.pdf Bibliography CIPD. (2014). managing-an-age-diverse-workforce. Available: https://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/managing-an-age-diverse-workforce_2014.PDF. Last accessed 25.09.16. CIPD. (2016). employment-law-developments. Available: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/employment-law-developments.aspx. Last accessed 25.09.16. Hempsons. (2016). official-or-unofficial?. Available: http://www.hempsons.co.uk/official-or-unofficial/. Last accessed 25.09.16. Office for National Statistics. (2016). Employment and Labour Market. Available: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandmarket. Last accessed 25.09.16. UK Essays. (2015). https://www.ukessays.com/essays/commerce/union-and-non-union-forms-of-employee-representation-commerce. Available: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/commerce/union-and-non-union-forms-of-employee-representation-commerce-essay.php. Last accessed 25.09.16. https://www.oecd.org/dac/povertyreduction/43280231.pdf https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08a9eed915d3cfd00085c/RAND_WR957.pdf

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeche

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom I’d like to start by thanking Alan for his kind words and also to thank him on behalf of everyone for footing the bill for today’s festivities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Having had a wonderful spread and knowing what we have to look forward to tonight, I now understand why he had the heating turned off all last winter! I was going to begin with ladies and gentlemen but on looking around I'm glad I didn't. So here goes. Distinguished guests, those of lesser distinction, and those of no distinction at all†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Family, relatives, (new and old), in-laws and outlaws, friends, friends of friends, and freeloaders Welcome to our wedding reception. I would particularly like to extend a warm welcome to all our guests from Mississippi and Kentucky†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Welcome to the wonderful state of California, and for those of you who want to put your watches forward, it’s now 2005†¦..!! I’ll never forget the first time Peggy took me to meet her parents. There was me trembling at the knees and there was Alan sitting in his white satin robe and fluffy slippers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I thought, â€Å"I need to break the ice here†, so I asked him what football team he supports. Of course he replied State University, so I said â€Å"it must be exciting when you win a match. â€Å" Don’t Know† he said, I’ve only supported them for 40 years†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Seriously though†¦.. The bible tells us, ‘Who so-ever finds a wife, finds a good thing’. .. ...ure life together. These are taken from the book â€Å"The differences between man and wife†: Learn to work the toilet seat. If it's up, put it down. We need it up - you need it down. You don't hear us complaining about you leaving it down. We don't remember dates. Mark birthdays and anniversaries on a calendar and remind us frequently beforehand BEER is as exciting for us as handbags are for you ALL men see in only 6 colours. Peach, for example, is a fruit, not a colour. Lastly and most importantly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Christopher Columbus didn’t need directions, and neither do we. And with that I'd ask you to charge your glasses and be upstanding for a toast to the bridesmaids. I give you the bridesmaids Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeche Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom I’d like to start by thanking Alan for his kind words and also to thank him on behalf of everyone for footing the bill for today’s festivities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Having had a wonderful spread and knowing what we have to look forward to tonight, I now understand why he had the heating turned off all last winter! I was going to begin with ladies and gentlemen but on looking around I'm glad I didn't. So here goes. Distinguished guests, those of lesser distinction, and those of no distinction at all†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Family, relatives, (new and old), in-laws and outlaws, friends, friends of friends, and freeloaders Welcome to our wedding reception. I would particularly like to extend a warm welcome to all our guests from Mississippi and Kentucky†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Welcome to the wonderful state of California, and for those of you who want to put your watches forward, it’s now 2005†¦..!! I’ll never forget the first time Peggy took me to meet her parents. There was me trembling at the knees and there was Alan sitting in his white satin robe and fluffy slippers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I thought, â€Å"I need to break the ice here†, so I asked him what football team he supports. Of course he replied State University, so I said â€Å"it must be exciting when you win a match. â€Å" Don’t Know† he said, I’ve only supported them for 40 years†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Seriously though†¦.. The bible tells us, ‘Who so-ever finds a wife, finds a good thing’. .. ...ure life together. These are taken from the book â€Å"The differences between man and wife†: Learn to work the toilet seat. If it's up, put it down. We need it up - you need it down. You don't hear us complaining about you leaving it down. We don't remember dates. Mark birthdays and anniversaries on a calendar and remind us frequently beforehand BEER is as exciting for us as handbags are for you ALL men see in only 6 colours. Peach, for example, is a fruit, not a colour. Lastly and most importantly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Christopher Columbus didn’t need directions, and neither do we. And with that I'd ask you to charge your glasses and be upstanding for a toast to the bridesmaids. I give you the bridesmaids